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1. #DEFINE ACTIVITY PATTERN INDICATORS PAIN PROFILE SKIN#
2. #DEFINE ACTIVITY PATTERN INDICATORS PAIN PROFILE FREE#

#DEFINE ACTIVITY PATTERN INDICATORS PAIN PROFILE FREE#

Free observations, for observers to enter their own text should they see an indicator of suffering that was not predicted.Procedure-specific indicators, for example, tumour size in cancer studies.Behaviours, including social interaction, posture, gait, and undesirable behaviours such as stereotypies.Environment within the enclosure for example, nest quality, consistency of faeces.Body functions, such as reduced food intake, changes in body temperature.

#DEFINE ACTIVITY PATTERN INDICATORS PAIN PROFILE SKIN#

Appearance, including body, coat and skin condition for example unkempt coat, porphyrin staining.The European Commission Working document on a severity assessment framework sets out guidance on selecting appropriate indicators of welfare, including a glossary of indicators that can be tailored to individual species. Local ethical or animal care and use committees, such as the UK Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB), will also have an interest in welfare assessment. A ‘team’ approach, incorporating the expertise of researchers, veterinarians, animal technologists and care staff, will help to ensure that effective welfare assessment protocols are set up, reviewed and revised when necessary, and clearly understood by all those responsible for monitoring animals.

Finally, the legal requirement to report ‘actual severity’ under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, amended 2012 and Directive 2010/63/EU also requires accurate recognition and assessment of suffering.Īppropriate indicators of suffering and wellbeing should be identified for each species, strain (if appropriate) and procedure, and practical protocols to recognise and record these indicators should be established. Welfare assessment is a component of the scientific method, because physiological and psychological responses to suffering can significantly affect data quality. It is also important to recognise and promote positive/good welfare for example when evaluating the effects of refinement techniques such as environmental enrichment. Recognising signs of suffering is essential to taking early action and refining humane endpoints. The term ‘welfare assessment’ applies not only to monitoring animals for signs of pain, suffering and distress associated with procedures, but also to the routine assessment of all animals to check for any health or welfare problems.